How to get Attribute id by product id Magento 2?

Get Attribute ids by the Product id in Magento 2 using Attribute Set Finder Interface.

Full Path of Interface:
Magento\Catalog\Api\AttributeSetFinderInterface

Get attribute set ids by product ids using method name findAttributeSetIdsByProductIds(array $productIds).  Pass Array of ids to fetch attribute id using the method.

<?php
namespace Jesadiya\AttributeId\Model;

use Exception;
use Magento\Catalog\Api\AttributeSetFinderInterface;

class GetAttributeIds
{
    /**
     * @var AttributeSetFinderInterface
     */
    private $attributeSetFinder;

    public function __construct(
        AttributeSetFinderInterface $attributeSetFinder
    ) {
        $this->attributeSetFinder = $attributeSetFinder;
    }

    /**
     * @param array
     * @return array
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function getAttributeIdbyProductIds(array $sku)
    {
        $attributeId = [];
        try {
            $attributeId = $this->attributeSetFinder->findAttributeSetIdsByProductIds($sku);
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new Exception($exception->getMessage());
        }

        return $attributeId;
    }
}

Now If you want to find product id for the only single product,
You have to set SKU as array,
$sku = [’24-MB01′];
$result = $this->getAttributeIdbyProductIds($sku);

Output:
Array of attribute id of the product.